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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Organism from their mother, both the mother and her sexual partner(s) should be evaluated and treated for chlamydia following a diagnosis in the neonate.If erythromycin is used for the treatment of chlamydial infections in neonates, the risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) should be considered and the child’s parents or caregivers should be informed about the potential risks of developing IHPS and signs of IHPS.Chlamydial Ophthalmia NeonatorumA 14-day regimen of oral erythromycin base or ethylsuccinate is a preferred or alternative regimen of choice for the treatment of ophthalmia neonatorum caused by C. trachomatis. The neonate should receive appropriate follow-up to ensure that the infection resolves; a second course of erythromycin may be necessary since the drug is effective in approximately 80% of cases. The AAP suggests that oral sulfonamides be used in neonates who cannot tolerate erythromycin. Although data on use of other macrolides (e.g., azithromycin, clarithromycin) for the treatment of neonatal chlamydial infections are limited, there is some evidence that a 3-day regimen of oral azithromycin may be effective for the treatment of chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum; some clinicians consider azithromycin the regimen of choice. Topical anti-infectives are inadequate for the treatment of chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum and are unnecessary when appropriate systemic anti-infective therapy is given. While universal topical prophylaxis using topical anti-infectives (i.e., 1% tetracycline ophthalmic ointment, 0.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, silver nitrate 1% ophthalmic solution) is recommended for all neonates as soon as possible after birth to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, these topical anti-infectives do not prevent perinatal transmission of C. trachomatis from mother to infant. Infants born to mothers with untreated chlamydial infection are at high risk for infection; however, parenteral prophylaxis in these infants is not indicated since the efficacy of such prophylaxis is unknown. These infants should be monitored to ensure appropriate treatment if chlamydial infection develops. The possibility of a chlamydial infection should be considered in any infant 30 days of age or younger who develops conjunctivitis; ocular exudate from infants being evaluated for chlamydial conjunctivitis also should be tested for N. gonorrhoeae.Chlamydial Pneumonia in InfantsA 14-day regimen of oral erythromycin base or
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